የኦፕቲካል ፊልም ሽፋን በቀጭኑ በተደረደሩ መካከለኛ ገጽ አማካይነት የብርሃን ጨረርን የሚያሰራጭ የኦፕቲካል መካከለኛ ቁሳቁስ ዓይነት ነው ፡ የኦፕቲካል ፊልሞች ትግበራ የተጀመረው በ 1930 ዎቹ ነበር ፡፡ የተለያዩ የኦፕቲካል መሳሪያዎችን በማምረት በኦፕቲክስ እና በኦፕቲኤሌክትሮኒክስ ቴክኖሎጂ መስክ ዘመናዊ ፣ የጨረር ፊልሞች በሰፊው ጥቅም ላይ ውለዋል ፡፡

The main optical thin film devices include reflective film, anti-reflection film, polarizing film, interference filter and beam splitter, etc. They have been widely used in the construction of the national economy and national defense, and have received increasing attention from scientific and technical workers. For example, the use of anti-reflection films can reduce the luminous flux loss of complex optical lenses by ten times; the use of high reflectance mirrors can double the output power of the laser; the use of optical films can improve the efficiency and stability of silicon photovoltaic cells Sex.

1. Structure

በጣም ቀላሉ የኦፕቲካል ፊልም አምሳያ ለስላሳ ንጣፍ እና isotropic ተመሳሳይ ተመሳሳይ መካከለኛ ነው ፡፡ በዚህ ሁኔታ የኦፕቲካል ጣልቃ-ገብነት ፅንሰ-ሀሳብ የኦፕቲካል ፊልሞችን የጨረር ባህሪያትን ለማጥናት ሊያገለግል ይችላል ፡፡ በኦፕቲካል ፊልሙ ላይ ባለ አንድ ሞኖሮማቲክ አውሮፕላን ሞገድ ሲከሰት ብዙ ነጸብራቆች እና የማጣቀሻዎች በሁለቱም ገጽታዎች ላይ ይከሰታሉ ፡፡ የተንፀባረቀው ብርሃን አቅጣጫዎች እና የታነፀው ብርሃን የሚያንፀባርቁት እና የሚያንፀባርቁ ህጎች የተሰጡ ሲሆን የተንፀባረቀው እና የደመቀው ብርሃን መጠኖች በፍሬስሌል ቀመር ይወሰዳሉ

2. ባህሪዎች

የኦፕቲካል ፊልም ባህሪዎች የሚከተሉት ናቸው-ላዩን ለስላሳ ነው ፣ በፊልሙ ንብርብሮች መካከል ያለው በይነገጽ በጂኦሜትሪክ ተከፍሏል ፡፡ የፊልም ንብርብር የማጣቀሻ ኢንዴክስ በይነገጽ ላይ ሊለወጥ ይችላል ፣ ግን በፊልሙ ንብርብር ውስጥ ቀጣይ ነው። እሱ ግልጽ ሊሆን ይችላል ወይም ደግሞ ሊሆን ይችላል

የጨረር ፊልም

መካከለኛ መምጠጥ; ወጥ መደበኛ ወይም ተመሳሳይ ያልሆነ መደበኛ ሊሆን ይችላል ፡፡ ትክክለኛው የተተገበው ፊልም ከተገቢው ፊልም የበለጠ የተወሳሰበ ነው። ይህ የሆነበት ምክንያት-በዝግጅት ወቅት የፊልም ኦፕቲካል እና ፊዚካዊ ባህሪዎች ከብዛቱ ነገሮች ያፈነገጡ ናቸው ፣ እና የመሬቱ ገጽታ እና በይነገጽ ሻካራ ናቸው ፣ በዚህም የብርሃን ጨረር በተንሰራፋበት ምክንያት ነው ፡፡ በፊልሙ ንብርብሮች መካከል ያለው ጣልቃ-ገብነት የስርጭት በይነገጽን ይፈጥራል ፡፡ በፊልም ንብርብር እድገት ፣ በመዋቅር ፣ በጭንቀት እና በሌሎች ምክንያቶች የተነሳ የፊልሙ አኒስታሮፒይ ተፈጥሯል ፡፡ የፊልም ንብርብር ውስብስብ የጊዜ ውጤት አለው።

የማጣሪያ መግቢያ

የሚፈለገውን የጨረር ባንድ የኦፕቲካል መሣሪያን ለመምረጥ ያገለግል ነበር ፡፡ የማጣሪያዎች አንድ የጋራ ባህሪ ምንም ማጣሪያ የሰማይ አካልን ምስል የበለጠ ብሩህ ሊያደርገው እንደማይችል ነው ፣ ምክንያቱም ሁሉም ማጣሪያዎች የተወሰኑ የሞገድ ርዝመቶችን ስለሚይዙ ነገሮችን ጨለማ ያደርጋቸዋል።

የማጣሪያ መርህ

The filter is made of plastic or glass and then added with special dyes. The red filter can only let red light through, and so on. The transmittance of the glass sheet is originally similar to that of air, and all colored light can pass through, so it is transparent, but after dyeing, the molecular structure changes, the refractive index also changes, and the passage of certain colored light changes. For example, a beam of white light passes through a blue filter and emits a beam of blue light, while green light and red light are very few, and most of them are absorbed by the filter.

One, anti-reflection film

Also called antireflection coating, its main function is to reduce or eliminate the reflected light from optical surfaces such as lenses, prisms, and plane mirrors, thereby increasing the light transmission of these components and reducing or eliminating stray light from the system.

Second, the optical film

The anti-reflection film is the most widely used and largest output optical film. Therefore, it is still an important research topic in optical film technology. The focus of research is to find new materials, design new film systems, and improve the deposition process. It uses the least number of layers, the simplest and most stable process to obtain the highest possible yield and achieve the most ideal results. For the laser thin film, the anti-reflection film is the weak link of laser damage, and how to increase its destruction strength is also one of the issues that people are most concerned about.

Three, reflective film

Its function is to increase the reflectivity of the optical surface. Reflective films can be generally divided into two categories, one is metal reflective film, and the other is all-dielectric reflective film. In addition, there are metal dielectric reflective films that combine the two.

Four, interference filter

It is a type of optical film with the most variety and complicated structure. Its main function is to split the spectral band. The most common interference filters are cut-off filters and band-pass filters. The cut-off filter can divide the considered spectrum into two parts, one part does not allow light to pass (called the cut-off region), and the other part requires light to pass through (called the band-pass region). According to the position of the passband in the spectral region, it can be divided into two kinds of long-wave pass and short-wave pass. Their simplest structures are respectively, where H and L represent thick high and low refractive index layers, and m is the number of periods. The film system having the above structure is called a symmetric periodic film system. If the considered spectral region is wide or the passband transmittance ripple requirements are high, the film structure will be more complicated.

አምስት ፣ ልዩ ልዩ ፊልም

በተወሰኑ መስፈርቶች እና በተወሰኑ ዘዴዎች መሠረት የብርሃን ጨረሩ በሁለት ይከፈላል ፡፡ የጨረር መሰንጠቂያ ፊልም በዋነኝነት የሞገድ ርዝመት ክፍፍልን ፊልም ፣ የብርሃን ጥንካሬ ክፍፍልን ፊልም እና ባለቀጣይ ምሰሶ መሰንጠቂያ ፊልምን ያጠቃልላል ፡፡

የሞገድ ርዝመት መሰንጠቂያ ፊልም እንዲሁ ባለ ሁለት ቀለም መሰንጠቂያ ፊልም ተብሎ ይጠራል ፡፡ ስሙ እንደሚያመለክተው የብርሃን ጨረሩን እንደ የሞገድ ርዝመት ክልል በሁለት ክፍሎች የሚከፍለው ፊልም ነው ፡፡ ይህ ፊልም የተቆራረጠ ማጣሪያ ወይም ባንድ-ማለፊያ ማጣሪያ ሊሆን ይችላል። ልዩነቱ የሞገድ ርዝመት መሰንጠቂያው ፊልም የተላለፈውን ብርሃን ብቻ ሳይሆን የተንፀባረቀውንም ብርሃን ከግምት ውስጥ ማስገባት ይኖርበታል ፡፡ ሁለቱም የጠርዝ ቅስት የተወሰነ ቅርፅ ይፈልጋሉ። የሞገድ ርዝመት መሰንጠቂያ ፊልም ብዙውን ጊዜ በተወሰነ የአደጋ ማዕዘን ላይ ጥቅም ላይ ይውላል። በዚህ ሁኔታ ፣ የፖላራይዜሽን ተጽዕኖ በመኖሩ ምክንያት የስለላ ኩርባው የተዛባ ይሆናል ፡፡ ይህንን ውጤት ለማሸነፍ የፊልሙ ዲፖላራይዜሽን ችግር መታሰብ አለበት ፡፡

The polarization beam splitting film is made by utilizing the polarization effect of the film when the light is incident obliquely. The polarization beam splitting film can be divided into two types, a prism type and a flat plate type. The prismatic polarizing film utilizes the polarization effect of the interface when Brewster angle is incident. When the light beam always enters the interface of two materials at Brewster's angle, no matter how many thin film layers there are, the reflected light of the horizontal vibration is always zero, and the light of the vertical component vibration increases with the number of thin film layers. Increased, as long as the number of layers is sufficient, the transmitted light beam can be basically vibrated in the parallel direction, and the reflected beam is basically light that is vibrated in the vertical direction, so as to achieve the purpose of polarized beam splitting. The Brewster angle at the interface of the thin film material, so the film must be plated on the prism, then the incident medium is not air but glass. The flat-type polarizing film is mainly made of the difference in the bandwidth of the reflection bands of the two polarized components of the dielectric reflective film when obliquely incident. In general high-reflection films, as the incident angle increases, the reflection bandwidth of the vertical component gradually increases, and the bandwidth of the parallel component gradually decreases. Selecting the high reflection area of ​​the vertical component and the high transmission area of ​​the parallel component as the working area can form a polarizing film that reflects the vertical component through the parallel component. The incident angle of this polarizing film is generally selected near the Brewster angle of the substrate . The working wavelength range of the prism-type polarizing film is relatively wide, and the degree of polarization can also be made relatively high, but its preparation is cumbersome, difficult to make large, and the laser resistance is relatively low. The wavelength range of flat polarizers is relatively narrow, but it can be made very large and the laser resistance is relatively high, so it is often used in strong laser systems.